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Fixed Assets & Tax

Fixed Assets & Tax Logic

Fixed asset register, depreciation calculation, asset transfers, disposals, GST returns, TDS management, and tax compliance.

PostgreSQL
10 Tables
Schema: fixed_assets + tax
Depreciation

Overview

Fixed Assets management tracks capitalized assets from acquisition through depreciation to disposal. Depreciation computed using WDV (Written Down Value) or SLM (Straight Line Method) per company policy and Income Tax Act. Asset transfers between projects maintain ownership history. Tax module manages GST return filing (GSTR-1, GSTR-3B), TDS deduction, deposit, and certificate issuance. Tax ledgers reconcile with GL.


Capitalize Asset

Depreciate

Transfer/Dispose

GST Returns

TDS Deduction

Tax Compliance
10
Combined Tables
WDV/SLM
Depreciation
Monthly
GST Filing
Auto
TDS Calc

Status States

StatusDescriptionAllowed ActionsNext States
ActiveAsset in use, depreciatingTransfer, Maintain, DisposeTransferred, Disposed
TransferredAsset moved to different project/locationAccept TransferActive
Under VerificationPhysical verification pendingVerify, Report MissingActive, Missing
DisposedAsset sold, scrapped, or written offRecord Proceeds
FiledGST return filed for period
PendingTDS deposit/certificate pendingDeposit, Issue CertificateCompleted

Database Schema

fixed_assets.fixed_asset

  • asset_id — PK
  • tenant_id, entity_id — FK → organization
  • asset_code, asset_name — Identification
  • category — land | building | plant | vehicle | furniture | computer
  • acquisition_date, acquisition_cost — Purchase details
  • depreciation_method — wdv | slm
  • useful_life_years, salvage_value — Depreciation parameters
  • current_wdv, accumulated_depreciation — Running values
  • location_id, project_id — Current deployment

fixed_assets.depreciation

  • dep_id — PK
  • asset_id — FK → fixed_assets.fixed_asset
  • fiscal_year, period — Year and month
  • opening_wdv, dep_amount, closing_wdv — Period calculation
  • dep_rate — Applicable rate per IT Act/Company Act

fixed_assets.asset_transfer

  • transfer_id — PK
  • asset_id — FK → fixed_assets.fixed_asset
  • from_project_id, to_project_id — Transfer path
  • transfer_date, reason — Details
  • approved_by — FK → admin.user

tax.tax_config

  • config_id — PK
  • tax_type — gst | tds | tcs | professional_tax
  • section_code — e.g., 194C, 194J for TDS
  • rate, threshold — Applicable rate and minimum threshold
  • effective_from, effective_to — Validity period

tax.gst_return

  • return_id — PK
  • entity_id — FK → organization.company_entity
  • return_type — GSTR1 | GSTR3B | GSTR2A | GSTR9
  • period_month, period_year — Filing period
  • total_taxable, igst, cgst, sgst, cess — Tax amounts
  • filing_date, arn_number — Filing confirmation
  • status — Draft → Filed → Acknowledged

tax.tds_certificate

  • cert_id — PK
  • vendor_id — FK → vendor.vendor_master
  • section_code, financial_year, quarter — TDS details
  • total_payment, total_tds — Amounts
  • certificate_number — Form 16A reference
  • issued_date — Date of issue

Asset & Tax Process

1

Asset Capitalization

When PO for capital item is received and GRN approved, asset record created in fixed assets register. Acquisition cost includes purchase price + installation + freight.

2

Depreciation Run

Monthly depreciation batch job calculates period depreciation for all active assets. WDV method: dep = opening WDV × rate / 12. SLM: dep = (cost - salvage) / life / 12.

3

Asset Transfer

When equipment/vehicle moves between projects, asset transfer record created. Depreciation allocation switches to new project from transfer date.

4

GST Return Preparation

Monthly GSTR-3B aggregates all purchase and sales GST. Quarterly GSTR-1 details all outward supplies. System auto-generates from AP/AR invoice data with manual adjustments.

5

TDS Management

TDS auto-deducted from vendor payments per applicable section and rate. Quarterly TDS deposited with government. Annual TDS certificates (Form 16A) issued to vendors.

Asset & Tax Queries

Asset Register Summary

-- Fixed asset register with depreciation status
SELECT fa.asset_code, fa.asset_name, fa.category,
       fa.acquisition_cost, fa.accumulated_depreciation,
       fa.current_wdv,
       fa.acquisition_cost - fa.accumulated_depreciation AS net_book_value
FROM fixed_assets.fixed_asset fa
WHERE fa.entity_id = :entity_id
  AND fa.status = 'Active'
ORDER BY fa.category, fa.acquisition_cost DESC;

Validation Rules

Business Rules

  • Depreciation Rate: Rate must match Income Tax Act schedule for asset category
  • GST Reconciliation: GSTR-3B liability must match sum of AP/AR GST entries for period
  • TDS Threshold: TDS not applicable below section-wise threshold amount
  • Physical Verification: All assets must be physically verified at least once per year

Integration Points

Connected Modules

  • Finance: Depreciation posts to GL; asset values on balance sheet
  • Equipment: Owned equipment linked to fixed asset register
  • Procurement: Capital PO triggers asset creation on GRN
  • Accounts Payable: TDS deducted from vendor payments linked to tax module

Best Practices

Recommended

  • Run depreciation batch before monthly period close
  • Conduct annual physical verification and reconcile with register
  • File GST returns before due dates to avoid interest/penalty
  • Maintain TDS section-wise ledger for quarterly return filing